Silver Elephant

Silver Elephant
Silver Elephant Silver Elephant

The Early Pan-African geological development between about 1200-680 million years ago is documents by a large number of geological and isotopic studies on Precamrian metavolcanic and plutonic rocks exposed in the Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS). The Arabian-Nubian Shield of NE Africa and Arabia is one of the major orogenic belts formed during the Neoproterozoic assembly of Greater Godwana similar to modern type plate tectonic processes i.e. oceanic island arc/back accretion and microplate (terrane) collision (Stern,1994). The area has been intruded by batholiths and the most predominant rocks in the Red Sea Hills are intrusive rocks, which covers 50%of the surface outcrop.

Most of the African continent has been tectonically stable from orogenic episodes since about 500 million years ago. The Neoproterozoic (Pan African) orogenic episode have led to differentiate the continent into two major features: (i) cratons which have not suffered major orogenic deformation and metamorphism and (ii) mobile belts made up of rocks which are stable since 550 millions ago (Vail, 1985).

The Nubian Shield underlies several Northeastern Africa countries such as Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia and Egypt. These different areas share a similar geological evolution (accretion of volcanic island arcs) with mineral deposits formed by similar processes (epithermal, mesothermal, VMS gold deposits)

In view of geological and geotectonic setting of the Northeast Africa, it is broadly similar to that of surrounding regions (ie Yemen, Saudi Arabia etc) where Neoproterozoic rocks (low- to high grade meta-sedimentary and meta-volcanic rocks) record a succession of mild collision, which resulted from the successive accretion of island arcs (Reischman. and KrÃ¶ner, 1994). The earlier generation of gold mineralization in those regions formed in an island arc setting related to the waning stage of tectono volcano activity. Consequently, during Pan African orogeny that induced regional deformation, metamorphism, magmatism, collision of micro plates and crustal thickening, gold has been remobilized and reconcentrated either in the zones of metamorphic permeabilities and in collapse breccias (Hussein, 1999).

Gold mineralization in the North East occurs in different forms corresponding to different geological environment and at least three types are present:

a) Premetamorphic mineralization associated with stratiform massive sulfide deposit, e.g Northeast Sudan.

b) Gold mineralization related to the regional tectono-metamorphic episode. E.g. North East Sudan, West Saudi Arabia.

c) Gold mineralization related to shear zones, e.g. South Ethiopia, West Saudi Arabia, Eritrea, North East Sudan.

According to my knowledge, systematic geological mapping using satellite images/remote sensing, very detailed litho-stratigraphic classification and accurate mineral exploration had not been conducted in some of these countries such as Eritrea and Somalia.

I strongly suggest to conduct a detailed geological and geochemical investigation to find out gold and sulfides metallic, especially over meta-sedimentary and meta-volcanic rocks as I have no doubt that many of the these countries have precious metals including gold, zinc, silver, etc

REFERENCE
Hussein, H.A. 1999: Application of Geochemical Parameters at Gebeit Gold Mine Area, NE Sudan- Ph.D. thesis 164pp, Technical University of Berlin, Germany.

Reischman, T. and KrÃ¶ner, A. (1994). Late Proteroic island arc volcanics from Gebeit, Red Sea Hills, north-east Sudan. Geologische Rundschau, vol. 83, pp 547-563.

Stern, R. J. (1994): Arc Assembly and Continental Collision in the Neoproterozoic East African Orogen: Implications for the Consolidation of Gondwanaland.- Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Scien 22, 319-351.

Vail, J. R. 1983: Pan-African (late Precambrian) tectonic terrains and the reconstruction of the Arabian-Nubian Shield. Geology, 13, 839-842, Boulder.

Are elephants good luck?

Well, I have an elephant necklace I bought, but then my mom said it was good luck because it's made out of wood with some silver parts, but it's trunk is down, is it good luck or bad luck, and after I put it on my day had gone very well, but I'm not sure if it was the elephants luck or if my day was meant to happen like that, please answer this.

yes they are their trunks have to be up then they are good luck
we have a bamboo plant and the pot has elephants that have their trunks up